When most people think about road safety, they picture drivers behind the wheel. But roadways are shared spaces – and not everyone using them is protected by a vehicle.
That’s where the concept of vulnerable road users (VRUs) comes in. These individuals face a significantly higher risk of serious injury or death in traffic accidents, making their safety a growing priority across the United States.
What Is a Vulnerable Road User?
A vulnerable road user is generally defined as someone who uses the road without the protection of a motor vehicle’s structure – such as a car or truck.
Because they lack this physical protection, they are far more exposed in the event of a crash and are more likely to suffer severe or fatal injuries.
Who Are Considered Vulnerable Road Users?
Vulnerable road users include a wide range of people who interact with roadways in different ways:
- Pedestrians (people walking or running)
- Bicyclists and cyclists
- Motorcyclists
- People using wheelchairs or mobility devices
- E-scooter and skateboard riders
- Roadway and construction workers
In short, anyone traveling on or near a roadway without the protective barrier of a vehicle may be considered a vulnerable road user.
Why Are Vulnerable Road Users at Greater Risk?
The increased risk comes down to one key factor: lack of protection.
When a crash occurs between a vehicle and a vulnerable road user, the vehicle absorbs much of the impact. For vulnerable road users, injuries are often more severe or fatal.
In fact, vulnerable road users account for a growing share of traffic fatalities in the U.S., highlighting the urgency of improving safety measures.
According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, about 20% of traffic fatalities in 2021 involved vulnerable road users, and that number continues to rise.
What Is Being Done to Protect Vulnerable Road Users?
1. Safer Road Design & Infrastructure. One of the most effective ways to protect vulnerable road users is through better road design.
2. Laws & Policy Changes. Many states have enacted laws specifically designed to protect vulnerable road users.
3. Vehicle Safety Technology. Advancements in vehicle technology are also helping reduce accidents involving vulnerable road users.
4. Data-Driven Safety Strategies. Transportation agencies are increasingly using data to improve safety.
5. Public Awareness & Education. Education plays a critical role in protecting vulnerable road users.
Even if you’re always behind the wheel, vulnerable road users affect you. Drivers have a legal and moral responsibility to:
- Stay alert for pedestrians and cyclists
- Allow safe passing distance
- Yield when required Avoid distractions
In many accidents involving vulnerable road users, drivers may be held liable due to the increased duty of care required when sharing the road.
Vulnerable road users are an essential part of our transportation system – but they face disproportionate risks on today’s roads.
By understanding who they are and supporting efforts like safer road design, stronger laws, and advanced vehicle technology, we can all play a role in reducing accidents and saving lives.
Safer roads aren’t just about protecting drivers – they’re about protecting everyone who uses them.
